Collective Consensus Theory Essay

Social norms can be defined as – The rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. These rules may be explicit or implicit. Failure to stick to the rules can result in severe punishments, the most feared of which is exclusion from the group. A common rule is that the some norms must frequently be displayed; neutrality is seldom an option. Here I include other norms, which are as follows: a. ) Injunctive Norms – These are behaviors, which are perceived as being approved of by other people. b. ) Descriptive Norms – The perceptions of how other people are actually behaving and whether their behavior is accepted or not. c. ) Explicit Norms – written or spoken openly. d. ) Implicit Norms – not openly stated (but you find out when you trespass them). e. ) Subjective Norms – How we will behave with others who valued us. f. ) Personal Norms – Knowing our standards about our own actions. By exploring social norms and inequalities, let me be more specific, about the Americans – Inequalities in American society have become so institutionalized that we rarely recognize most of them on a daily basis. Some are glaringly obvious: the privileges of the elite, the boss’ ability to come and go as he pleases- but these inequalities are sustaining, obvious, and don’t hurt as much because we are conditioned to accept them†¦ Some inequalities change as certain circumstances change. The type of social stratification I wish to discuss is ever changing, we’ve all experienced it, but have we all noticed it? We like to think we live in a classless, multicultural society where everyone is treated equally. Frankly we are deluded. Of course there are classes, and not everyone is treated equally. The classes in our world are based on race, ethnicity, education and politics. Of the phenomenons of social stratification is social inequality, which is the distribution of resources dividing society into rank, grades, family, religion and education. These divisions should not occur in our society, but it is the sad truth that it does. Ethnicity is different to race as ethnicity is a distinct cultural definition which people identify with as customs, family patterns and religion. The sociologist, Max Weber, defines ethnic groups as â€Å"human groups that entertain a subjective belief in their common descent because of physical type or of customs or of both or because of memories of colonialisation or migration†. The biggest problem that arises in race and ethnic relations is prejudice, which is born out of pre-judgment and lack of knowledge. The Sociological causes of prejudice are: 1. It draws together people who share it; superiority is important. This is an element of Emile Durkheim’s Collective Consensus Theory. 2. Competing for resources. It is easier to get things if you can write others off as less deserving. 3. We can project onto others, who we think are lesser than us, those parts of ourselves that we don’t like. The prejudices against those we think are ‘different’ have negative consequences such as limiting our vision of the world. But far worse is its effect on society; it leads to discrimination and the consequence of discrimination is inequality. For Karl Marx, inequality was seen as a dichotomy based on the relations of production and the concept of class is the basic indicator of inequality. Weber saw inequality as three abstracted mechanisms of power; class (economic power), status (social prestige power) and party (political power). Whichever way it is described, inequality is found everywhere, between class, in education, health, occupations and power and within classes with sex, age, ethnicity and religion. However, there is hope in the end, for people can be socially mobile, which is the movement of people between social classes. Society’s idea is that if you work hard enough you will move up in society, but this is not always true. People can move downwards in the social scale, or may start on the bottom and stay there because they do not have the same access to education as others may have. These people have less opportunities than others yet they are looked down upon because they are not upwardly mobile. How can people move up socially if they are not on an equal playing field to begin with? As long as people continue acting the way they do, inequality and racism will exist. Education is the key, and while older people may be set in their ways and may not be willing to change their views, we must educate the children, who are are future. Children must be taught that all people are equal and that thinking otherwise is wrong. For it is wrong. We were all created equal. Man made us not so. As per my view, when we live in a society were abiding by social, personal, or subjective norms, which are laid out for social and societal living is of utmost significance; I tend to stick to those norms and also inculcate the same things to people who are not aware of them. Man is a social animal, who needs to be trained to adapt different changes in societal environment. He has to abide by the norms laid out by the society to be accepted socially and morally, or else he/she is treated as a aborigine or uncivilized.

A Birthday Surprise

It was 19th May of 2006 and it was my father’s birthday. He is the kind of person who prefers simple dinners with his own family instead of noisy celebration with relatives and friends. But that day was special cuz he had his 40th birthday. It was Saturday and after we wished him happy birthday, he went to work. Well my father thought that we were just going to have a dinner as always. But this is what he knew while my mom and I had organized a birthday surprise. She had invited all his close friends and family for a cocktail party in the evening. Everything was ready. Even why I passed all the day shopping I couldn’t wait till my dad came home. Anyway he arrived sooner than I thought and later I began to get dressed. I was totally excited. My mom had the most difficult ‘job’ if I can say so. She had to convinced him to wear a suit and she made it up. Another anusual thing happened. I wrote unusual because my mom asked him to drive. She never did this maybe she has her own car that’s why. I think that my dad understood that he had missed something. So began to ask where are we going and why am I wearing a suit. I told him we changed the reservation but it was irritated hearing him asking the same question over and over again. But finally we arrived and everyone was waiting for him. When my father entered in all began to sing the happy birthday song. I remember everyone had a great time and I won’t forget my father;s happy face telling me I knew something was going on. Time by time I have a look to those photos we had. It really was a special day.

The Gift of the Magi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Gift of the Magi - Essay Example In the story, O. Henry uses a detailed, humorous, and well-meaning tone. The writer uses a detailed tone for the story by showing the Della’s, the main character, emotion, action, and her environment in detail. The author describes in-depth how Della worries about what to buy for her husband Jim’s at Christmas. The story describes Della’s emotion when he writes: â€Å"There was clearly nothing to do but to flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So, Della did it. This instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating† (O. Henry 164). Della’s actions and emotions are explained in detail from the following passage. â€Å"After Della cut her hair, she got her curling irons, lit the gas, and went to work, repairing the ravages made by generosity. This is always a tremendous task, dear friends, a mammoth taskâ€Å"(O. Henry 166). A humorous tone is shown when the author explains about the main characters. This is evidenced in the story when Della says to herself, â€Å"If Jim does not kill me,† he will take a second look at me and say that I look like a Coney Island chorus girl. But, what could I do? Oh! What could I do with a dollar and eighty seven cents?† (O. Henry 166). ... Henry 166). The two main characters in â€Å"The Gift of the MAGI† are Della Young and James Dillingham Young. Della Young is a positive and honest person because she sells her long beautiful long hair in order to buy a gift for her husband at Christmas. This is shown in the following passage: â€Å"pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one’s cheek burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied† (O. Henry 164). In the story, it is shown that Della is an honest person. James Dillingham Young is Della’s husband. He looks thin and very serious. He appears tired because of the burden of taking care of his family. As such, he needs a new overcoat and gloves (O. Henry 166). Also, he sells his gold watch, which was his grandfather’s, in order to buy a Christmas gift for his wife. â€Å"The Gift of the MAGI† addresses the true love between two people, e ven though they are very poor. The story states that â€Å"Della and Jim live at home. He is paid eight dollars per week. As such, they are poor. However, they love and cherish each other very much† (O. Henry 164). Also, the writer conveys a theme within the characters through evidence. Della and Jim think about what gift to buy for each other for Christmas. Della’s response is to â€Å"cut her hair, which ripples and shines like a cascade of brown water because she wants to buy a gift for Jim† (O. Henry 165). Also, â€Å"Jim wants sell his watch because he wants to give Della a luxury comb. Della especially liked the ones in a Broadway window. Beautiful combs are like pure tortoise shells with jeweled rims. The shade can be worn in beautiful varnished hair† (O. Henry

The Difference between Originality and Plagiarism Essay

The Difference between Originality and Plagiarism - Essay Example Literature review is a must before we can put relevant description on the topic and research question. Our literature review should follow the concept of unity and coherence so that our discussion remains focused throughout. The description that we make out should be well structured and organized. These details are necessary for our analysis part. Analysis is a process systematically employed to arrive at certain deductions logically and scientifically. Description is like a foundation of the building on which whole construction of analysis rests. For a good and meaningful analysis, detailed but pertinent review and description is necessary. Data selection Data selection is an important part of correct analysis. Many scientific researches are not possible without a proper set of data available to researcher. Thus, data collection becomes an important part to steer meaningful research. Data collection becomes more important particularly when research has some quantitative measures to investigate. Depending upon the research question, data could be of either operational in nature such as inventory, cost, payroll, accounting or nonoperational types related to macroeconomic issues. Data also give us the information about past trend. The study of the past trend based on the available data can be extrapolated to give future indications and outcomes. Since the outcomes and results are derived from the collected data, it becomes even more important for us to remain double sure about the authenticity of data. Many marketing issues and strategies are based on several set of data that are collected across wide section of community, their buying behaviors, the demographics and many such factors. The data mining thus becomes important. Authentic data... In order to arrive at the conclusion whether US housing price has any correlation with unemployment rate, we need to have data revealing unemployment rate in last 10 years.Above data when studied in detail reveals a lot regarding some correlation between unemployment rate and housing prices. The U.S. housing price has been on rise since the year 2000 until 2007. The average price rise is found to be about 5% percent or more. The unemployment rate between 2000 and 2007 was hovering between 4 to 6 percent. This unemployment rate had no effect on the uptrend of housing price.  It is a well known fact that market moves up and down as per the demand and supply parameters. It is a fact that during the period a cheap credit was available to borrowers and that fueled the demand. Speculators did enter the market taking advantage of the easy availability of finance. Demand of the housing during the period was made of genuine consumers and speculators; however, as usual speculator’s so le objective is profiting from the deal and they are never long term holders of the commodity and they dump the good as soon as they see the first sign of weakness in the market. Once they became sellers supply increased manifold with demand reducing drastically. That is what happened in the housing market during 2008 and onwards when subprime mortgage crisis surfaced and everybody got in panicky.The whole event culminated into a crisis when economy took downturn and people started losing their jobs.

Domestic and Foreign Intelligence Services Research Paper

Domestic and Foreign Intelligence Services - Research Paper Example The domestic intelligence agency in United Kingdom is known as Security Service and commonly referred as MI-5.  (Ehrman, 2009). The role and responsibilities of MI-5 include response to security threats such as terrorism, counterintelligence, weapons of mass destruction and organized crimes within the confines of the United Kingdom territory (Vitkauskas, 1999). It is the agency that is charged with the protection and safeguarding of British economic interests and parliamentary democracy in the United Kingdom.   As a domestic intelligence agency, MI-5 is responsible for the protection of public utilities such as air, gas rail and key industries such as defense contactors, civil nuclear power, oil and other crucial industries in United Kingdom (Posner, 2005).   MI-5 boasts of a long term and established tradition of executing domestic intelligence operations in United Kingdom and the wider scope of responsibilities that have included electronic surveillance, recruitment and infil tration of terrorist groups (Burch, 2007). In relation to information sharing, MI-5 is the central domestic intelligence agency in United Kingdom that is charged with the collection and analysis of information and further relay them to United Kingdoms Joint Intelligence committee. The role Joint Intelligence Committee is to prioritize intelligence information from MI-5 and regularly update and provide intelligence assessments to ministers and other senior officials (Ehrman, 2009).  ... Comprehensive comparison and analysis of intelligence services mandates, functions and operations is thus hampered by the restriction that exist on information access and even though the internet and other sources of data from scholars can be exploited, they are often classified (Burch, 2007; O’connell, 2004). Current prospect suggest that comparison of intelligence services can be done in a transparent environment, it should be acknowledged that it is the secrecy that enable intelligent services to operate. Domestic and foreign intelligence services between countries can be compared based on various benchmarks and parameters. Example of benchmarks or frameworks that intelligence services might be compared include national security context, national security structure, organizational size and budget, organizational cohesion, management and oversight and information collection emphasis. In addition, intelligence service comparison can also be based on the analytic emphasis of t he respective agencies, intelligence-decision making relationships, operational emphasis, cooperation of intelligence agencies with other diplomatic and security organization and policies, practices and procedures for counter-intelligence (O’connell, 2004). Domestic Intelligence Both domestic intelligence services of United States and United Kingdom have common jurisdiction in relation to national security. The main function of the intelligence services include the provision of unique, special and secretive information that can aid and support security of both nations. In United States, domestic security intelligence is collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a law enforcement agency that also acts as a subordinate to

GOOGLE GLASS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GOOGLE GLASS - Coursework Example Businesses are now conducted online. The target of the distribution plan should be based on the online platforms (Shaw & Onkvisit, 2009). Individuals who have similar or common interest can be identified in the online platform. The targeted group of consumers should be selected in a way that the marketing strategy satisfies a wide range of the needs of the firm and the consumers. The client groups are targeted and identified using a similar interest element. The targeted group should be selected in terms of individuals with similar needs. It is easier to identify such clients, because the lifestyle of the people, demography, and ability of market growth. This is a transparent prove that Google glass has a potential market. Google glass has grown very fast in terms of attracting customers and quality due to their many inventions. They have able to compete with big companies. They manage this due to the strong brand affection they have. They invest more in brand loyalty than marketing making them to be on top of other. They work on how to make the customers prefer by using technology to create different makes of their devices to serve a large population. Google glasses are a combination of vital factors and elements that are required by an organization in order to accomplish a certain objective that marks their achievement. Hospitals require the tool to meet the demands of its clients. Numerous success factors and concepts, and ideas are being witnessed in the stream of the papers, media and other advertisement platforms, but there is still a little evidence tends to prove that the success factors can significantly assist an organization to boosts and propel its performance (Shaw & Onkvisit, 2009). Firms and organizations are trying to explore numerous options so that they may achieve success by attaining their client’s expectations. It is with the idea of innovating Google glass that there is a realization that it can meet the

Self-Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-Evaluation - Essay Example This is due to many factors in the interplay, which converge to create a learning atmosphere of any one learner (Jones & Jones, 2007). These factors are subjective and highly specific to each client, and the teacher will be bestowed with the challenging responsibility of creating such an environment that is suitable for most, if not all the students for optimal learning. While many teachers will take the idea of taking over the control of the classroom immediately after stepping in, I find that approach a little unnecessary. It is important to highlight the expectations when a classroom, and occasionally reminding the student. Taking the total control, however, beats down the students and in a way, benefits the teacher more than the learner. The teacher should help the student use their skills and previous knowledge to tackle issues, therefore, creating their own experiences. I have also successfully incorporated the idea of community in the class. Appreciating the cultures of my different students and involving the parents has successfully fostered a feeling of collective responsibility on the part of students (Weinstein, Tomlinson-Clarke, & Curran, 2004). Each student’s diversity is acknowledged, and these variations have been turned into productive learning experiences (Hershfeldt et al., 2010). This is because, as the teacher, I have acknowledged these diversities and used them for learning purposes in the class. This has successfully incubated the feeling of being recognized and acknowledged by the students that have added to the rich learning experience in my classes. I have also established an appropriate punishment-reward system for reinforcement both positive and negative reinforcement. I swiftly deal with bad conduct to discourage the spread and propagation of the same. I always acknowledge good class conduct, and I award it to reinforce the behavior positively. And since I am well vast with information on behavior management,

Examine the treatment of children and infant mortality from victorian Essay

Examine the treatment of children and infant mortality from victorian writers with special reference to Charles Kingsleys water babies and Thomas Hardys poem To an unborn pauper child - Essay Example In fact this period is also a time when infant mortality was high and the threat of mortality facing infants was 30 times worse compared to what it is today (Garrett, 2006, p.253). Carroll captures this nature of parenting explicitly through fairy tale world known as Wonderland. In the fiction, the characters of authority are shown to be funny and rather absurd at times. The paper undertakes the treatment of children and infant mortality by Victorian authors like Charles Kingsley and Thomas Hardy. Carroll’s work is still published as a children’s classic collection and loved by young and adults alike. Lear, a rival of Carroll also published his limericks, which criticizes the social code of behavior in the Victorian society. Like Carroll, Lear also puts forth certain inevitable violent ends of the characters. The White Rabbit in Alice in Wonderland keeps on reminding the reader that it will be prone to losing its head if he is late to arrive at the Duchess’. (Charney, 2005, p.284) This also reveals the inevitability of social codes and none of the writers could escape that. The Duchess symbolize a typical strict parent of the Victorian age as she tosses her baby pig up into the air and sings the following lullaby to her son, ending every line with a rough shake to the baby: â€Å"Speak roughly to your little boy, And beat him when he sneezes: He only does it to annoy, Because he knows it teases† (Carroll, n.d., p.44). This is also a parody to the p oem of Bates â€Å"Speak Gently†. The story also shows the coming of age of the child Alice, as she tends to forget her nursery poems and finds the characters conversing in a language unknown to her. This introduces her to a whole new world when she resides at the crossing stage from childhood to adolescence. Charles Kingsley’s The Water-Babies is a fairy tale, which condemns child

Critical Analysis of Chinas Economy Research Paper

Critical Analysis of Chinas Economy - Research Paper Example During the industrialization era, China dominated its lead in global technological discoveries. It is believed that China made its breakthrough in economic growth during the Song Dynasty. During this rule, China made gross investments in technologies, witnessed highest rates of urbanization as well producing large amounts of highly demanded iron. As a result, China acquired the global superpower rank in economic growth. However, the reign did not last very long after Western Europe emerged with bigger economic growths between 1500 and 1800. It is believed that China fall could be related to the tyranny of Ming (1368 –1644). In addition, trade and innovation received minimum focus during the dynasty of Qing (1644 –1911) (Chow and Kui-Wai 156).Significant growth in efficiency and productivity, physical capital, and labor contributed to economic growth prior to the year 1978 in China. Essentially, aggregate factor productivity reduced within the same period. Research indic ates that the decrease registered scale of 1.07 percent. In addition, additional years of schooling in China resulted in increased growth in the annual human capital which reached 1.55 percent. As a result, the total factor productivity registered a partial decrease. In the later years, the actual input versus capital ratio maintained a constant figure. Therefore the roles of total factor productivity were inverted with those of accumulation of capital. Contrastingly, the growth rate in human capital registered a decrease.

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢Race †¢Ethnicity †¢Religion †¢Gender †¢Sexual orientation †¢Age †¢Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Age Old people are slow Young people are trouble makers Young people are lazy Gender Men work harder than women Women should do all house work Women have more feelings than men. Race Black people are better at sports Asians are smart White people get better jobs Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? One benefit of stereotypes to those being stereotyped is that the stereotype itself may be positive. Of course, this can backfire if you benefit from a stereotype of a group in which you fit and it becomes clear that the stereotype does not apply to you. One example of a positive stereotype is that Asians are good at math. Another example of a positive stereotype is that Jewish people are good with money. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? By stereotyping we infer that a person has a whole range of characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of that group have. Stereotypes lead to social categorization, which is one of the reasons for prejudice attitudes. Most stereotypes probably tend to convey a negative impression. Part III Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8. 2 Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotypes are assumed characteristics. They do not have to carry a moral judgment (although many time they do). Example: The French like good cooking. Or, Icelanders dont mind the cold. Prejudice is preferring one kind of person over another. It may be based on stereotypes (I dont like Jews because theyre cheap), or not (I dont like Irish people because an Irish kid beat me up long ago). What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship is that one is having the wrong impression of the person before meeting them, the other is GUESSING that they are all the exact same as the one, or two, that you have met. They are both assuming things about someone and judging someone based on the difference in them. It is either from experience or from what you heard but either way it is a judgement before you meet them or after. What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Let schools teach children that all people are equal regardless of race, gender, orientation, etc, let governments introduce laws that explicitly promote equality for all. But I think first of all it starts at home. I think if we teach our children that no matter what we are all equal and treat each other with respect. I think that if we all did this and showed them as also as tell them, then all the judgement will die down a lot. Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

The Personal development as strategic manager

The Personal development as strategic manager The course of acquisition of extra awareness, skills and understanding in order to get better the way you do your present job and your prediction of future service and endorsement, and, more commonly, to develop your individual talents and fulfil your individual potential. http://www.hrdictionary.com/definition/personal-development.html Strategic planning is a management tool, period. As with any management tool, it is used for one idea only: to help an association do a better job to focus its energy, to make sure that members of the organization are working toward the similar goals, to measure and regulate the organizations direction in response to a altering environment. In short, strategic planning is a well-organized effort to make basic decisions and actions that form and guide what an organization is, what it does, and why it does it, with a spotlight on the future. (Adapted from Brysons Strategic Planning in Public and Non profit Organizations and Strategic manager is a management quality of a manager to accomplish planned goals of the organization. individual development is essential in todays world as this is a planning process through which managers gain leadership skills and knowledge required to accomplish long term goals of the organization. the organization i have chosen for this report is tesco which is one of the world major in retail sector. Tesco is one of the major food retailers in the world, functioning around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. It provides online services through its additional, Tesco.com. The UK is the companys major market, where it operates under four banners of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. The company sells almost 40,000 food products, including garments and other non-food lines. The companys own-label goods (50 percent of sales) are at three levels, value, normal and finest. As well as expediency produce, many stores have gas stations, becoming one of Britains largest autonomous petrol retailers. Other retailing services offered include Tesco Personal Finance. Personal development as a strategic manager at tesco is a much emphasized area and i would discuss to recognize the personal skills essential of managers to attain planned ambitions of tesco. http://www.ivoryresearch.com/sample5.php 1.1 strategy direction of tesco first of all we have to define the strategy which is the mean through which goals are deliberately and steadily pursued and obtained over time. Now we will see what are the strategy direction of teso. worldwide growth, e.g. in USA with Fresh and Easy high quality food expediency stores Non-food (health and beauty; clothes; consumer electronics) Retailing services: on-line shopping; financial services incl. banking and car insurance; energy price evaluation Tesco mission and vision statement Giving customers what they want 24/7 About 30% UK market share Doubled group sales profits >  £2 bn Tripled number of stores to over 2600; increased Employee numbers to over 270,000 Sales to rest of Europe up to 13% of group sales; Asia: 11% Tesco strategic direction to achieve the strategic goals Organic in S. Korea Home plus chain of 138 hypermarkets and express stores -BUT lack of suitable partner frustrated intended entry into India Acquisitions : †¢E.g. of Co-op stores in Slough, Nottingham, South Shields †¢In S. Korea: Purchased 36 development based on standard PLUS selected tailored product ranges AND a range of formats -Collaborations: Tesco Mobile venture with O2; joint venture with Samsung Home ever discount hypermarkets from the E- Land group for  £958m (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() strategic skills required to achieve strategic ambitions Tesco plans to expand its Retailing Services Division including TPF, tesco.com and Tesco Telecom to GBP 1 billion in profit. In order to achieve this, Tesco may be considering launching mortgage products or even current accounts, viewing the current economic crisis as an opportunity to break into a highly competitive market. The retailer is also considering expanding the service into international markets such as China and South Korea. http://www.racplus.com/intelligence/retailers/tesco/tesco-strategy-and-forecast-overview/8601461.article leadership in any organization is very important to bring success and growth. so keeping this idea i mind Tesco is always take great care to produce great leaders to meet the current fast pace business environment and always devise the plans and strategies to develop its leaders for future needs and enable them to face the upcoming challenges of businesses.tesco knows that leaders are the source of inspiration and motivation of its employees and they are the people who have to take important decisions at crucial circumstances and also very important to achieve the strategic goals and without their proper in put success is almost impossible to get and so tesco is always up to the task and therefore it always run different programs and plans to improve the capabilities and skills of its employees so it can achieve its strategic objectives and take Tesco further to success and growth. now i would also discuss what are the important aspects or skills desirable to produce good leaders. Leadership involves many management skills, but generally as a secondary or background function of true leadership. Leadership instead relies most strongly on less tangible and less measurable things like trust, inspiration, attitude, decision-making, and personal character. These are not processes or skills or even necessarily the result of experience. They are facets of humanity, and are enabled mainly by the leaders character and especially his/her emotional reserves. Now we look some of the important qualities the leaders should have to get the assigned strategic goals which are Leaders should be good communicator and have to maintain all communication channels opened from top to bottom to effectively communicate the messages and strategies to make them successful They have to be problem solver rather than problem creator and should know well awared about the company policies and rules. The leaders should be good decisions makers and they should take right decision at right time without time delay because thats what they are there to do and trained for as well. They should have good interpersonal skills and good attitude towards the organization and employees as well. They should be very good as far as political skills are concerned and in other words they should see every matter tactfully and wisely and should aware what happening inside and outside the organization. Leaders should keep making or devise plans time to time to grow and produce new leaders and arrange different programs to improve their employees skills and make them ready for future prospects and make them ready for crucial times in order to empower them. Despite all these above qualities there are some other as well which good leaders should have which are as follows truth honest humility courage commitment sincerity passion confidence h.htttp://www.businessballs.com/leadership 1.3 relationship between existing, required and future skills to achieve the strategic ambitions of Tesco. Assessment of current skills and abilities .Tesco always take great care to produce and bring good Interpersonal skills, time management skills, ability to take initiative etc into its managers because these are very important for the success of the organization and always help to give it competitive edge on other organization. Skills required to achieving the strategic ambitions of tesco. Tesco always take serious actions to bring and develop Environmental scanning skills, ability to build alliances etc in its managers and also know that by doing so its market reputation will enhance and it would bring more profitability and success to the organization. Tesco always keep i n mind the Gap analysis i.e. analysis of the gap between existing and required skills to achieve strategic ambitions of the organization Assessment of future skills needed to achieve future goals Tesco tries to bring the Change management skill into its personal development programs through various trainings and know that it will be required in the future to achieve future goals of the organization . 2.1 Tesco opportunities to support leadership development Tesco Identifies development needs through various tools and methods as mentioned below To develop store structures to better meet the needs of both customers and staff  · To provide our leaders with coaching to support their teams better  · To get more people in to work more of the time  · To reduce our management vacancies down to a minimum. Benefits to Our People are our most important advantage, and important goal is to select and keep the best. We therefore offer our workers an striking benefits package, including flexible hours and leave, profit-share, an award-winning define benefit pension, discounted meals and childcare vouchers. Through our concession Card scheme, all staff with over 12 months service receive a10% discount on their shopping at Tesco. They are also able to take advantage of discounts at Tesco.com, on our financial products, holidays, gym membership, childcare vouchers and health cover. Each staff member receives a Benefits Book annually to explain all the benefits they can take advantage of, and a personal Benefits Report summarising their total package. http://inquiry.knowsley.gov.uk/Core%20Documents/CD%201.3.2%20(ii)%20Tesco%20Staff%20Develop%20Program.pdf Tesco SWOT analysis, 360 degree feedback analysis, psychometric assessment etc are another tools to support leadership development programs and play an important role for its success and effectiveness. Identifying the opportunities to support leadership development which includes the Educational opportunities, training opportunities, development opportunities, carer planning opportunities etc are also very important and vital to support the leadership development programs and tesco always take these things in board whatever the circumstances are there because without these tools its very difficult to achieve the desired strategic objectives. personal development plan to direct leadership development in my point of view its very crucial to Formulate personal development plan to direct leadership development and the main points to bear in mind doing so are to Conduct a skill audit, identify skills to be improved, devise activities to improve those skills, identify the resources to perform those activities, identify the measures to record progress, and work out a timeline because without all these elements it is not possible to make an impact on leadership development . the four steps we need to produce in our personal grooming plans. Recognize the some important areas in your life that you would like to improve. look at your thoughts, objectives and personal ambitions, what are the five (plus or minus two) important aspects in your life that you want to grow? What are those some important competencies that will have the biggest influence on your life, career or objectives? Search for means in these areas. List the resources that you may require to find that will help you in growing in each of the aspects youve recognized. This may comprise books, blogs, tapes, seminars or training to be there. List the means that you are going to explore to help you in your individual growth. Position away an hour a day devoted to your personal growth. You will require to make and hour each day implementing your development plan. This is a usual time set aside to spotlight on growing the areas recognized, used for understanding, writing and reflecting. Search mentor and make relationships with other rising people. This is one of the most undervalue aspect of personal growth. Relationships with rising people, will help you to develop more quickly than any other source I know. search for mentor to help and direct you in each of the important areas recognized, numerous mentors are usually improved than one, as its improbable youll be able to find a single person to help you in all your important areas. List the possible mentors and rising people that you are going to vigorously increase a relationship with. http://www..Net/2006/07/09/how-to-develop-yours-personal-growth-plan Tesco implementation process for the development plan the important aspects we have to keep in mind while devising or making implementation process for the development plan are Using a development log Identifying your key development goal Capturing leadership feedback Planning step to achieve your development goals Monitoring progress against goals Continuously reviewing and refining your approach to deliver superior performance Tesco uses all the above mentioned implementation processes to judge its development plans and make sure that each one of them is adhered and well executed during the process. 3.1 Assess the achievement of outcomes of the plan against original objectives The important things to analyse whether the achievement outcomes met with the designed are Assessing your PDP records and action plans Development need, objectives, outcomes, need met? Yes/no? With evidence, outcome, what went well?, what didnt?, what would I do differently next time? Now we discuss briefly the importance of pdp paln and its effectiveness in personal development program which is very important because it provide us the current progress comparison with the past and help out to change or amend policies at the right time to achieve the original goals and objectives and many good organization are already working on this so do tesco and it has ver good data base which gives it a competitive edge over other organization and enable it to track down its progress and help to make realistic and achieavable objectives for the future and this is one of the main cause of its success so far another important thing is the development need objectives outcomes which provide the answer in yes or no regarding our planning continuity and put a clear picture in front of us of our progress and as tesco has some set goals so these things help a lot to make them successful and fruitful for the organization. http://fec.slh.nhs.uk/gp/images/stories/documents/generalpractice/PDP%20Final%201%2010%2009.pdf the impact of the achievement of objectives on strategic ambitions tesco keep Demonstrating the impact of your achievement of objectives on organisation strategic ambitions and the key elements which keep influencing on the achievement of objectives to get the strategic ambitions are Development need e.g. aspirational visionary style Objectives e.g. i will develop a new vision statement for my organization Relevant strategic ambition e.g. a new strategic marketing plan to promote products into new markets Impact achieved? Yes/no? Evidence e.g. yes, new vision statement is integrated into marketing material; new customers are impressed by this new statement; new business has resulted in  £30k profit increase Research shows that of the six management styles, the futurist one is most efficient, powerful in every feature of environment. Take lucidity. The reliable leader is a futurist; he motivate people by building clear to them how their work fits into a larger image for the business. commanding leadership maximize assurance to the organizations objectives and plan. When he gives presentation feedback, whether positive or negative, the singular decisive factor is whether or not that presentation furthers the vision. The principles for success are clear to all, as are the rewards. Finally, futurist leaders give people the liberty to innovate, test, and take planned risks. Because of its positive brunt, the futurist style works well in almost any trade situation. But it is mainly effective when a business is floating. A futurist leader charts a new route and sells his people on a fresh long-term idea. But the method will not work in every condition. It fails, for example, when a leader is working with a group of experts or aristocrats who are more experienced than he is; they may see the leader as arrogant and out of touch. And if a manager trying to be commanding becomes haughty, he can demoralize the democratic spirit of an effective team. http://www.coachiates.com/leadersip.htm Review and update the leadership development plan Tesco always keep Reviewing and updating its plan in terms of progress Are all development needs met? Have all the development objectives been achieved? Have all the outcomes been assessed? Has the impact on strategic ambitions been evaluated? Existing development needs still to be auctioned Existing development objectives still to be auctioned New development needs identified New development objectives identified The above are few important things to note down specially to make a development plan and to answers these questions solve the mystery and help in achieving the desired goals and objectives needs of any organization or business changes with the time and requires update as when tesco was in its initial phases to start it works it felt the need that it requires to exopand as the demand of market was increasing and the same it did and kept doing and invested more money on development of the organization and people as well and it resulted out to be a great investment and now it got the status of one of the giant in reatail industry and still its focusing on the need and trying to be fitted in the same competive frame of mind to review and update leadership development plans which give it a great competitive advantage and put it in healthy competition. http://www.suite101.com/content/the-strategic-manager-a73941 4.1the impact of corporate and individual health and safety responsibilities on the Organisation. Tesco holds a very close and restrict monitor on its health and safety responsibilities because if the employees are fit and healthy than the company always holds the upper edge on the compeptitors and it proves a valuable asset for the company because of this reason tesco has defined a very good and effective health and safety policy and some of its benefits are mentioned below. Defining health and safety It is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment Health and safety responsibility on your organization Setting a health and safety policy and objectives Creating a suitable organizational culture Development and implementation of health and safety plan Monitoring, evaluation and review of plan Assessing the impact of health and safety responsibilities on your organisation Reduced costs and reduced risks Less employee absence and turnover rates Fewer accidents Reduced threat of legal action etc. tesco have a comprehensive risk management process to identify and minimise occupational health and safety risks across the business. We constantly monitor and review our performance and seek feedback from our people. Every store measures health and safety performance and reports on it three times a year through the Staff Forum. Safety campaigns are launched three times a year at Staff Forums to focus our people on how we can improve safety in our stores. http://www.tesco.com/csr/f/f2.html 4.2 organisational culture of quality on the achievement of strategic ambitions Tesco has organisational culture of quality on the achievement of strategic ambitions and some of its attributes are as follows. Promoting a health and safety quality culture Motivating, engaging and involving staff in health and safety issues Awareness about safety first etc. Estimating the impact of health and safety quality culture on achievement of your organizations strategic ambitions Accidents reduced by 35percent; Profit up by 8 percent, Sickness is below 3 percent etc. All this has helped the organization achieve its strategic ambition of promoting products into new markets etc. Because of all those things which have mentioned above tesco managed to remain a strong contender in the retail industry and would keep doing so as long as it would adhere these policies with continuity.

The job of my dreams Essay -- essays research papers

My Job Now and The Job of My Dreams   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who doesn’t want the perfect job? Most people who are not happy at their current jobs are usually looking for something better. Some people look for better hours, environment, or maybe just a substantial raise. Where there are advantages in jobs, there is usually going to be at least one small disadvantage. Weighing out the options can help people make the right choices. Although we would all like to have the job of our dreams, unfortunately, it only happens to a few of us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My present job consists of customer service, daily paperwork, as well as opening and closing the store. My employer keeps us quite busy all day long. The hardest part of my job is customer service. No matter how hard I try, some people simply cannot be pleased. This can be very frustrating for me, especially since making my customer happy is my first priority. Even though we have some difficult customers, most of my clientele are very nice. When we work in retail, we also have to deal with the long and crazy hours. Since I close most nights, I am at work when most people are going to bed. This can be a huge disadvantage, especially if someone has a family with small children. Even though I don’t have children, I do not get to spend as much time as I would like to with my husband. He has been a very patient and kind man with the hours I work and study. Along with the disadvantages of my job, there are also some ...

Popes An Essay on Criticism -- Religion Essays Papers

Pope's An Essay on Criticism When Samuel Johnson ascribed to a new work "such extent of comprehension, such nicety of distinction, such acquaintance with mankind, and such knowledge both of both ancient and modern learning as not often attained by the maturest age and longest experience," he was speaking of young Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism (1711), written when he was about twenty, and published when he was only twenty-three years old (in Mack 177).1 Others have not been as generous in their comments about the prodigy's efforts. One history of criticism textbook describes the work rather ingloriously: "There are repetitions and inconsistencies, some conventional pronouncements along with injunctions of lasting value; but nowhere . . . are the principles organized into a coherent whole, and no cut-and-dried theory [of criticism] therefore emerges" (in Morris 145).2 Despite this harsher pronouncement, Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism 1 Johnson's evaluation of Pope's Essay has been upheld if f or no other reason than that so many of the work's bon mots have established noteworthy careers in daily household English. As Mack observed (177), "Pope will sometimes manage a verbal maneuver so simple in appearance, so breathtaking on reflection, that the common sense of mankind has plucked it out of the poem and made it a part of speech: 'A little Learning is a dang'rous Thing' (205); 'To err is Humane; to Forgive, Divine’ (525); `For Fools rush in where Angels fear to tread' (625). And several more. Next to Shakespeare, we may recall, Pope has contributed more to our common language than any other poet. It is a gift not lightly to be dismissed." One primary complaint against the work is that it plagiarized the ... ...he Scriptures and in Pope, the goals of cosmic and poetic restoration are ones for which we can and must give thanks. Works Cited Clark, Donald B. Alexander Pope. Twayne's English Author Series. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1967. Isles, Duncan. "Pope and Criticism," in Alexander Pope, edited by Peter Dixon. Writers and their Backgrounds. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1972. Mack, Maynard. Alexander Pope: A Life. New York: W. W. Norton and Company in association with New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. Morris, David B. "Civilized Reading: The Act of Judgment in An Essay on Criticism," in Alexander Pope, edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. Modern Critical Reviews. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Williams, E. Audra and Aubrey, eds. Pastoral Poetry and An Essay on Criticism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961.

Filmmaking :: essays research papers

The Film about Filmmaking Truffaut's irresistibly charming "film about filmmaking" is an enormously affectionate homage to cinema, as well as a portrayal of the joy and anguish of filmmaking. The framing film Day for Night tells the story of a director; Ferrand (Truffaut) and his crew shooting a romantic family melodrama entitled Meet Pamela at the Studio Victorine in Nice. As the shooting proceeds, the personal crises of the crewmembers engulf the professional sphere of their lives, and threaten the smooth progress of the filming: one of the leading actresses, Sà ©verine (Valentina Cortese), is anguished by her son's terminal illness and unable to remember her lines because of her alcoholism; Stacey (Alexandra Stewart) is three-months pregnant and refuses to shoot a swimming scene in a bathing suit; Alphonse (Jean-Pierre Là ©aud) seeks feminine/maternal affection and lingers over the same question: "Are women magic?" Ferrand realizes that films are more harmonious than life: there are "no traffic jams or no dead waits," and people like them are happy only in their work of making films. Despite a series of difficulties and the accidental death of Alexandre (played by Jean-Pierre Aumont) in a car crash, the crew manages to complete the filming and then disperse to future destinations. From the outset Day for Night is full of Truffaut's nostalgia for cinema of the past. A title sequence accompanied by orchestral music gradually turns into a melancholic accordion tune; a still of Dorothy and Lillian Gish with subtitle announces that the film is dedicated to these legendary stars of the silent screen. The spectator is then led to a square seemingly in Paris, a rather chic landscape dotted with a metro station, a fashionable cafà ©, stoned buildings, the sound of busy traffic and pedestrians. A young man (Jean-Pierre Là ©aud) with a solemn expression on his face appears from the metro station and walks towards an elderly man. After a while the young male slaps the latter on his face. As soon as an immense tension occurs we hear the voice "Cut" and the camera tracks back to reveal that it was a shooting of a film. The camera pulls back further and we see the film crew, a television presenter and her crew. The television crew interviews the actors and they p rovide us with a synopsis of the film they are shooting: Meet Pamela is the story of a tragic affair of an adulterous couple.

A Perspective on the Influence of College Clubs Essay

College clubs have been a part of university life since the very first fraternities and sororities were created. If the student so chooses, he or she can make college an experience to remember by joining a club. They range from things like journalism and math to sports such as soccer or lacrosse. People who join these clubs tend to have a background in the topic or at the very least, an interest in learning about it. There is a club for everything you can think of, and if there isn’t, it is not that hard to start one. Clubs in college, although similar to those in high school, are quite different in the types of people and the variety of cultures brought together by the sheer size and caliber of a college. The importance and benefits of college clubs cannot be numbered, not just for the students but also for the community. Though there are myriad benefits to joining a college club, some have brought up possible problems with joining or being able to join clubs. Academically speaking, college clubs have interfered with a student’s productivity, particularly in the areas of homework and studying. This leads into the economic issues with college clubs; students sometimes have trouble being able to pay fees to join clubs that they would like to join and therefore can be deprived of the experience simply because of financial issues. Finally the social perspective: some sociologists have been led to the conclusion that college clubs have, in several cases, caused social problems for students because of the connections people unknowingly make between a club name or topic and a preconceived notion about what it may concern. These arguments, while valid, do not outweigh the benefits derived from joining clubs. Joining a club during your freshman year of college is a great way to meet people who have similar interests. Finding friends in college can be difficult. College clubs can help change that because they bring together people from different cultures and backgrounds and create a common ground where they can discuss their ideas about a certain topic in a safe environment without having to worry about being ridiculed. College clubs are a way for people to establish their own socioeconomic status, or SES, within the campus and dictate their values. Depending on the clubs available, people join the ones that will most suit them and create a reputation just by the clubs they join. The various options come with various consequences and outcomes during and after college. Marybeth Walpole, an Assistant Professor at Rowan University, has discovered that the clubs one joins have been proven to shape the way one progresses through college, and, in some cases, completely alter the way one views the world after college. John Foubert and Lauren Grainger explored the psychological development of students in their freshman year and those in their senior year and the differences between the two. They found that students who get involved during their freshman year show more development over the course of the four year period and are more likely to continue to join clubs and find ways to involve themselves on campus. Clubs have a very influential and positive impact on both the students that participate in them and the campus, or community, where they take place. Research on college clubs has been tested and revealed several interesting facts about the correlation between academic performance and being part of a club. In general, taking part in a club has little to no effect on doing well academically in school. This generalization, taken from the statistical analysis of a collection of survey responses conducted by Myrnell L. Martin, a graduate of Missouri West, is applied with the knowledge that most clubs are non-academic and instead support extra-curricular activity. Many believe that clubs can interfere with homework and study time in a student’s life. This can be true if the student is unorganized and is unable to manage a schedule. With this in mind, a club can therefore act as a tool to help the student manage time more wisely. For most college students, participation in a club allows the student to have a basis on which he or she can create a schedule and arrange their daily lives. Homework and studying should not take a backseat to clubs but certainly does not have to as long as the students takes into account the amount of work that must be done both for the club and outside of the club. This concept, of successful time management, learned by the student because of joining a club in college, can then be applied outside of college in the working world. Joining a club can quite possibly cost a lot, depending, of course, on the club. Clubs whose fees are higher generally have smaller group and a much more developed program. Most clubs only require a few dollars out of pocket, perhaps twenty-five dollars at most, at the very beginning for small purchases here and there. Those clubs that don’t require any fees are usually the most populated and will have a greater chance of bringing people from very diverse backgrounds together. Although clubs may charge fees, many clubs will have payment options or even sponsorships from various third parties. This is truly beneficial for students who are stretched to the limit financially, especially at expensive universities. Paying for club participation is usually a sign of quality, and leads to an enriched environment in which the student can take more away from the experience. When clubs charge a fee, it means they have either activities planned for the club or possibly some food and paraphernalia throughout the year. While having to pay for a club does not sound like the most exciting thing in the world for college students, it will most likely to lead to a more rewarding experience and more enjoyment from that club. College clubs have their place on campus, and are often widely recognized as important contributors to the campus as a whole. In special cases, clubs have developed into organizations that play a major part in the goings-on on campus. These include student governing organizations and the like which have developed because students take an interest in government and ruling ideals which help these students later on in life because they learn about the democratic process in a hands-on environment, as well as leadership skills that can be applied across the board. Clubs have a history of improving campus life and involving students in societal projects to better the community. Edward Hartshorne conducted research in this field and discovered that college is the ideal place for continuous club organizations and their universal impact on the campus. He reasons that each student’s impact spans for an approximate seven year â€Å"generation,† where there are the three years ahead of the student as a freshman and then the three years behind the student as a senior. This provides for a perpetuation of ideas through normal contact which results in a link that can span for as long as the club or organization decides to continue. This continuation of clubs and ideas transforms into a sort of â€Å"college culture†, described by Hartshorne as the upholding of certain social â€Å"norms†, which were established long before each generation arrived and will continue to endure after that generation departs. I, myself, am currently involved in Cal Poly Club Lacrosse as well as Formula SAE, and feel I am better for it. It allows me to escape from the academic side of college and do physical exercise in a manner that suits me. I love playing lacrosse and though I find it hard to make the time commitment I have always been able to push myself to make time in my schedule for everything I need to get done. Club lacrosse helps me to organize myself because it creates a time pressure situation where I must manage my time wisely and complete the homework necessary before I plan time for myself. Although I have had less time to do the things I want to do, such as hang out with friends, I still am able to do these activities, just in moderation. However, I accomplish more because I strive to do better so that I don’t have to stress out over the small things. Lacrosse has also been an outlet for me to find new friends on campus which I can rely on because I know that lacrosse is important for them as well. Formula SAE allows me to utilize what I’ve learned in school and apply it to real life situations by designing a racecar to compete against other schools. I have learned a lot from both the club experience and the other members of the club. This club also allows me to spend time with other engineers who are interested in cars. Clubs have definitely made a difference in my life at Cal Poly and I’m that they can do the same for all college freshmen.

Modern dance Essay

Question 1 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The French court ballet reached its height during the reign of Louis XIV, whose very birth had been celebrated by the _______________ of 1639. A. Ballet de la Felicite B. Ballet de la coutisane appele C. Ballet de Madame D. Ballet de la Deliverance de Renaud ANS:A The dancers in the earliest ballets were highly skilled professionals capable of feats of strength and agility. True False ANS:F In an effort to convey some meaning to the viewer, 18th century choreographers were inspired to evolve the ________________, which attempted to unfold a story purely in terms of movement. A. commedia dell’arte B. ballet d’action C. break dancing D. pantomime ANS:B The rise of the court ballet in France paralleled the birth of opera in Italy, and coincided with the opening of the first public theatres in France as well as the rise of the great French playwrights Corneille and Racine. True False ANS:T Both France and Italy contributed to the development of the court ballet. True False Answer Key: True Question 2 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) As the 17th century progressed, ballet in France was gradually transformed from the diversion of noble amateurs into a professional art. True False Answer Key: True Question 3 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Dancing in general in the 16th and 17th century court was considered a means of socializing the individual and drawing him into harmony with the group, and formed an important part of the education of a gentleman. True False Answer Key: True Question 4 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) In Vienna (1740’s), who began to create dramatic ballets inspired by the stories of mythological lovers? A. Jean Georges Noverre B. Franz Anton Hilverding C. Maximilien Gardel D. Jean Dauberval. Answer Key: B Question 5 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Most of the early court ballet themes were derived from literary sources, and the ballets themselves included spoken or sung verses which were called _______. A. recits B. intermedii C. trionfi D. libretto Answer Key: A Question 6 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) _____________who made her debut at the Paris Opera in 1726, was a brilliant technician, excelling in beaten steps such as entrechats and cabrioles. Audiences were charmed with her sprightliness and vivacity. A. Marie Camargo B. Marie Salle. C. Marie Taglioni D. Marie Osmond Answer Key: A Question 7 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The court ballet, who’s chief purpose was to glorify the State, was a carefully calculated mixture of _____________. A. art and politics B. politics and entertainment C. both a and b Answer Key: C Question 8 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The French court ballet reached its height during the reign of Louis XIV, whose very birth had been celebrated by the _______________ of 1639. A. Ballet de la Felicite B. Ballet de la coutisane appele C. Ballet de Madame D. Ballet de la Deliverance de Renaud Answer Key: A Question 9 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who was the 18th century ballerina who was admired for her dazzling virtuosity, especially in the beaten jumps called entrechats? A. Marie Camargo B. Marie Salle C. Marie Taglioni D. Marie Osmond Answer Key: A Question 10 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who succeeded Jean Georges Noverre as director at the Paris Opera? A. Franz Anton Hilverding B. Maximilien Gardel C. Jean Dauberval D. both b and c Answer Key: D Question 11 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). The playwright Moliere’s comedies-ballets may be viewed as a transitional form between the court ballet and the professional theatrical art that was developing in 1661. True False Answer Key: True Question 12 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) During the era of the Ballet d’Action, the range of topics that had been successfully treated included __________________. A. mythological tales B. classical tragedies C. historical dramas D. love stories and pastorals E. all of the above Answer Key: E Question 13 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). The Academie de Musique was later to be known familiarly as the Paris Opera. True False Answer Key: True Question 14 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The 18th century was an age of brilliant dancers, and both dancers and choreographer felt that dance should convey some meaning to the viewer, which inspired the evolution ballet d’action, which unfolded a story purely in terms of movement. True False Answer Key: True Question 15 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) In 1738, Jean-Baptiste Lande established a school which would eventually become the school of the Kirov Ballet at the Maryinsky Theatre. True False Answer Key: True Question 16 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who is credited with identifying the five positions of the feet upon which all ballet steps are based, systematizing the method of teaching dance, and devising a system of dance notation? A. Pierre Rameau B. Phlippe Quinault C. Pierre Beauchamp D. Pierre Perrin Answer Key: C Question 17 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The different components of early French court ballets included _________. A. dance and music B. poetry and music C. dance and design D. poetry and dance E. all of the above Answer Key: E. Question 18 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) During the era of Moliere’s comedies-ballets, professional dancers began to evolve technical feats that demanded a high degree of training and skill, such as _________________. A. pirouettes B. cabrioles C. entrechats D. all of the above Answer Key: D Question 19 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which ballet was first performed on the proscenium stage of the theatre of the Palais-Royal in 1641? A. Ballet de la Felicite B. Ballet des Voleurs C. Ballet des Fees de la Foret de Saint-German D. Ballet de la Prosperite des armes de la France Answer Key: D. Question 20 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who was the choreographer of Ballet Comique de la Reine Louise, presented in 1581? A. Jean-Antoine de Baif B. Catherine de’ Medici C. Louis XIV D. Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx Answer Key: D Question 21 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who rose to prominence in the French court thanks to his talents as a dancer, violinist and composer, and dominated the Paris Opera from 1672 until his death in 1687? A. Pierre Perrin B. Peirre Beauchamp C. Jean-Baptiste Lully D. Claude Balon Answer Key: C Question 22 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Who was to become the 18th century’s most aggressive proponent of the ballet d’action? A. Jean Georges Noverre B. Franz Anton Hilverding C. Maximilien Gardel D. Jean Dauberval Answer Key: A Question 23 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The Development of the Ballet d’Action showed that ballet was an art of considerable flexibility. True False Answer Key: True Question 24 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) ‘The Art of Dancing’ was the first completed notation system to record dance steps with abstract symbols. True False Answer Key: True Question 25 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). When the 18th century ended, ballet had established itself as a legitimate vehicle for dramatic expression, and not merely a decorative adjunct to an opera or play. True False Answer Key: True Part 1 of 1  Ã‚  Multiple Choice/True False  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 50 points) Please choose the best possible answer for the following questions. Question 1 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which ballet was a showcase for four jewels of the Romantic ballet? A. Giselle B. La Sylphide C. Pas de Quatre D. La Esmeralda Answer Key: C Question 2 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Although Russia played the role of follower rather than a leader in the world of dance until the late 19th-century, the situation was reversed between 1890 and 1910 by the works of French born choreographer ________ and Russian choreographer ________. A. Jules Perrot, Adam Gluszowski B. Jean Coralli, Alexander Benois C. Marius Petipa,   Mikhail Fokine D. Philippo Taglioni, Vaslav Nijinsky Answer Key: C Question 3 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Ballet’s of the Romantic era dealt with mystical, or supernatural themes and included characters such as ____________. A. sylphides B. water nymphs C. fire spirits D. peris E. demons F. all of the above Answer Key: F Question 4 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was the composer for The Rite of Spring. True False Answer Key: False Question 5 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who was the lead dancer in the 1911 performance of L’Apres-midi d’un faune? A. Rudolph Nureyev B. George Balanchine C. Merce Cunningham D. Vaslav Nijinsky Answer Key: D Question 6 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which ballet was considered a deliberate affront to art, and resulted in a violent reaction by audience members at its debut, including hisses, catcalls and fighting? A. Scheherazade B. Petrouchka C. Le Spectre de la Rose D. The Rite of Spring Answer Key: D Question 7 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Viennese ballerina Fanny Elssler (rival to Taglioni) was known for her precision and rapid execution of small quick steps. True False Answer Key: True Question 8 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who was the founder of Ballet Russes? A. Serge Diaghilev B. Alexandre Benois C. Leon Bakst D. Konstantin Stanislavsky Answer Key: A Question 9 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who was the leading costume and set designer for the Ballets Russes? A. Serge Diaghilev B. Alexandre Benois C. Leon Bakst D. Konstantin Stanislavsky Answer Key: C Question 10 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who was the choreographer in the 1911 performance of L’Apres-midi d’un faune A. Rudolph Nureyev B. George Balanchine C. Merce Cunningham D. Vaslav Nijinsky Answer Key: D Question 11 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which dancer of the Ballet Russes was known for his legendary elevation and ability to ‘hover’ in the air, as well as his controversial performances? A. Michel Fokine B. Vaslav Nijinsky C. Adolph Bolm. Answer Key: B Question 12 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The stage and costume design that Leon Baskst created for ________ in 1910 sparked new fashions in the worlds of dress design and interior decoration. A. Scheherazade B. Le Spectre de la Rose C. Petrouchka D. L’Apres-midi d’un faune Answer Key: A Question 13 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The classical ballet’s sense of clarity, harmony, symmetry and order is demonstrated by the crystallization of the pas de deux. True False Answer Key: True Question 14 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). The adoption of the soft, close-fitting slipper in the late 18th century paved the way for the ballerina’s rise to the tips of her toes, eventually known as pointe technique. True False Answer Key: True Question 15 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which composer was commissioned by the Imperial Theatres to write the music for Sleeping Beauty, replacing previous poorly esteemed specialists? A. Igor Stravinsky B. Ivan Vsevolojsky C. Frederic Chopin D. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Answer Key: D Question 16 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was the composer for the ballets Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker, and Swan Lake. True False Answer Key: True Question 17 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) What was perhaps the most important single influence on 19th-century ballet? A. Classicism B. Neo-Classicism C. Modernism D. Romanticism Answer Key: D Question 18 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which ballet, first produced at the Paris Opera on 12 March 1832, was such a perfect expression of Romantic urgings that it immediately changed the face of the ballet of its time. A. Swan Lake B. Petrouchka. C. Giselle D. La Sylphide Answer Key: D Question 19 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which choreographer was one of the creators of Giselle, a gifted dancer himself, did most of his dramatic ballets in London, and whose work was part of the international expansion of the Romantic ballet? Answer Key: B Question 20 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The costume which had been shortened since Taglioni’s day, and had become the ballerina’s uniform and mark of status, was called the tutu. True False Answer Key: True Question 21 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Marie Taglioni was known for her effortlessness, lightness and fluidity of movement. True False Answer Key: True Question 22 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which Romantic ballet masterpiece, first produced at the Paris Opera, is credited with immediately changing the face of the ballet of its time? A. Giselle B. Pas de Quatre C. La Esmeralda D. La Sylphide Answer Key: D Question 23 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which female dancer first had the title role in La Sylphide? A. Marie Taglioni B. Fanny Elssler C. Carlotta Grisi D. Lucile Grahn E. Fanny Cerrito Answer Key: A. Question 24 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) In La Sylphide, ____________’s effortlessness, lightness and fluidity of movement, which, coupled with her chaste and modest bearing, made her appear to be indeed an airy being innocent of human lusts and desires. A. Marie Camargo B. Marie Salle C. Marie Taglioni D. Marie Osmond Answer Key: C Question 25 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The ballet of the Romantic period was immortalized by the paintings and drawings of which famous artist? A. Claude Monet B. Michelangelo C. Leonardo da Vinci D. Edgar Degas Answer Key: D. Part 1 of 1  Ã‚  Multiple Choice/True False  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 50 points) Question 1 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The style known as _______ built upon and extended the formalism of Petipa’s era, giving it new interest without violating the rules of clarity and order. A. classical ballet B. neoclassical ballet C. modern dance D. pre-modern dance Answer Key: B Question 2 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The Denishawn school offered its students a richly varied curriculum, including ballet (performed without shoes), free-flowing exercises for the arms and torso, ethnic and folk dances. True False Answer Key: True Question 3 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The last great ballet of Diaghilev’s era was _______ . A. Les Biches B. Le Train Bleu C. The Prodigal Son D. The Sleeping Princess Answer Key: C Question 4 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Ted Shawn and his Men Dancers, was dedicated to proving that dancing was a highly masculine activity. True False Answer Key: True Question 5 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which oganization created the Federl Dance Project which produced Helen Tamiris’s How Long Brethren? in 1935 as part of its effort to alleviate the widespread unemployment of the depression, and marked the first time public funds had been used in the U. S. to create dance works? A. Works Progress Administration B. New Dance Group C. Worker’s Dance League Answer Key: A Question 6 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who was the choreographer of Apollo and The Prodical Son, the only two ballets he made for Diaghilev that have survived to the present day? A. George Balanchine B. Leonide Massine C. Serge Lifar D. Kasian Goleizovsky Answer Key: A Question 7 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Which Cubist artist disigned sets and costumes for for the ballets Parade, Le Tricorne, Pulcinella, and Cuadro Flamenco in the early 1900’s? A. Fernand Legar B. Francis Picabia C. Pablo Picasso D. Leon Bakst Answer Key: C Question 8 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which of these post-Denishawn pioneers had a lighter touch which provided a welcome relief in the serious, somtimes somber world of Modern dance? A. Martha Graham B. Doris Humphrey C. Charles Weidman D. Erick Hawkins Answer Key: C Question 9 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Which two dancers held doctoral degrees in anthropology, did field work in Africa and the Carribean, and were the leaders of the Black dance movement in the 30’s and 40’s? A. Lester Horton and Jose Limon B. Katherine Dunham and Pearl Primus C. Helen Tamiris and Edith Segal D. La Meri and Ruth St. Denis Answer Key: B Question 10 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) After Fokine and Nijinsky left The Ballet Russes, Diaghilev groomed which dancer as the next choreographer? A. George Balanchine B. Serge Lifar C. Anna Pavlova D. Leonide Massine Answer Key: D Question 11 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Which American dancer was the symbol of female longings, well-hidden or perhaps even unconscious, for emancipation from the traditional roles of wife and mother, for sexual freedom and personal fulfillment? A. Loie Fuller B. Isadora Duncan C. Ruth St. Denis D. Kate Vaughan Answer Key: B Question 12 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) In Russia a period of experimentalism followed the 1917 Revolution. True False Answer Key: True Question 13 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which of the following is true about Modern dance of the 1930’s and 40’s? A.it embodied the complexities and contradictions of the modern world B. It confronted the grim realities of life, but also found a place for lyricism and humor C. it sought to express the American heritage, yet it also recognized the ethnic diversity of Americans and tried to convey this through dance D. all of the above are true Answer Key: D Question 14 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which American dancer drew inspiration from many cultures and choreographed Radha, an exotic evocation of hindu temple dancing? A. Isadora Duncan B. Loie Fuller C. Ruth St. Denis D. Ted Shawn Answer Key: C Question 15 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who spurned the decorative prettiness of contemporary ballet in favor of a style that emphasized emotional intensity and strong, stark movements? A. Doris Humphrey B. Rudolph Laban C. Hanya Holm D. Mary Wigman Answer Key: D Question 16 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) What year was the term ‘Modern Dance’ coined? A. 1950 B. 1910 C. 1890 D. 1927 Answer Key: D Question 17 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Martha Graham searched for the fundamental principles of movement. She evolved theories that became the basis of her dance technique. The basic human function of breathing inspired Graham’s theory of ________________. A. fall and recovery B. swoop and swirl C. contraction and release D. twist and turn Answer Key: C Question 18 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who found ideas for her dances in natural phenomena such as the movement of wind and waves, and drew upon ordinary actions such as walking, running, skipping and jumping: the normal ‘movement repertory’ of human beings? A. Isadora Duncan B. Mary Wigman C. Martha Graham D. Doris Humphrey Answer Key: A Question 19 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Which American dancer eschewed the technical virtuosity of ballet, was not particularly interested in storytelling or expressing emotions through dance, and devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore? A. Isadora Duncan B. Ruth St. Denis C. Loie Fuller D. Kate Vaughan Answer Key: C Question 20 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which ballerina performed the following pieces inspired by natural images: Dragonfly (1915), California Poppy (1915) and the best known of all, The Dying Swan, which Fokine had choreographed for her in 1907? A. Natalia Makarova B. Fanny Elssler C. Anna Pavlova Answer Key: C Question 21 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which organization was a confederation of dance groups founded in 1933 for the purpose of political activism through dance? A. Works Progress Administration B. New Dance Group C. Federal Dance Project D. Workers’ Dance League Answer Key: D Question 22 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which Modern dancer used West Indian and African dance as the basis for her powerful works on black themes? A. Isadora Duncan B. Martha Graham C. Yvonne Rainer D. Pearl Primus Answer Key: D. Question 23 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who served as musical director for the Denishawn company and encouraged both St. Denis and Shawn to commission new scores by American composers? A. Louis Horst B. Johannes Brahms C. John Cage D. Igor Stravinsky Answer Key: A Question 24 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which early 20th century Russian experimentalist believed choreographers should study the orchestral scores of their ballets so that their choreography would reflect musical qualities such as instrumental color and dynamics? A. Fyodor Lopukhov B. Kasian Goleizovsky. C. Nicholas Sergeyev D. Olga Spessivtseva Answer Key: A Question 25 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The subject of Isadora Duncan’s choreography was the soul: universal emotions, responses and aspirations. True False Answer Key: True Part 1 of 1  Ã‚  Multiple Choice/True False/Matching  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  48  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 50 points) Question 1 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which American dancer combined ballet, tap, jazz, ballroom and gymnastics in his musicals and films, which he often choreographed and directed as well as performed? A. Fred Astaire B. George Balanchine C. Mark Morris D. Gene Kelly Answer Key: D Question 2 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which 20th century American choreographer created the light hearted ballet Fancy Free for Ballet Theater which was later expanded into a highly successful musical comedy, On the Town? A. Roland Petit B. Anthony Tudor C. Jerome Robbins D. Peter Martins Answer Key: C Question 3 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Danced to a score by Aaron Copland, which ballet was one of the most successful pieces mounted by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and was the work of American choreographer Agnes de Mille? A. Graduatuin Ball (1940) B. Rodeo (1942) C. Night Shadow (1946) D. A Tradegy of Fashion (1926) Answer Key: B Question 4 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which young ballerina took over Alicia Markova’s roles when she left in 1935, and went on to create many roles in Frederick Ashton’s ballets? A. Marie Rambert B. Margot Fonteyn C. Ninette de Valois D. Tamara Toumanova Answer Key: B Question 5 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) By the _______ ballet was well on its way to becoming a truly international art, with no single city as the center of the dance world. A. 1930s. B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1960s Answer Key: C Question 6 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Although the deaths of Diaghilev in 1929 and Pavlova in 1931 began to weaken the Russian monopoly on western ballet, the tradition of the Ballet Russes was carried on in new ballet companies which sprang up in Britain, France and the U. S in the 1930s and 40s. True False Answer Key: True Question 7 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who first esablished the School of American Ballet, after recognizing the need for good dance training in America? A. George Balanchine B. Agnes de Mille C. Serge Lifar D. Lucia Chase Answer Key: A Question 8 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Freed by Cunningham and Nikolais from the necessity of storytelling or self-expression, the choreographers of the sixties began to explore new approaches to conceiving and structuring dances. True False Answer Key: True Question 9 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who organized the first dance concert in 1962 at Judson Memorial Church, which became a center for artistic and intellectual activities and the home of the group known as Judson Dance Theater? A. Trisha Brown B. Kenneth King C. Simone Forti D. Robert Dunn Answer Key: D Question 10 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) In Cunningham’s works, although music occupies the same timespan as the choreography, and design the same physical space, neither has to relate in any other way to the dancing. True False Answer Key: True Question 11 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which choreographer’s technique uses contact improvisation, in which the performers alternately take each other’s weight without using their hands, and requires a highly developed sense of balance and a capacity for rapport with others? A. Steve Paxton B. David Gordon C. Douglas Dunn D. Trisha Brown Answer Key: A Question 12 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Merce Cunningham is known for frequently collaborating with avant-garde composer: A. Scott Joplin B. George Gershwin C. John Cage D. Sergei Rachmaninoff Answer Key: C Question 13 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which choreographer rebelled against what he viewed as the modern dance’s preoccupation with self? A. Paul Taylor B. Merce Cunningham C. Alvin Ailey D. Alwin Nikolais Answer Key: D Question 14 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Although the extreme experiments of the 1950’s, 60’s, and 70’s have been abandoned or softened with time, their impact has had which of the following effects on our conceptions of dance today? A. there is now more latitude in the types of movement generally accepted as dance B. there is more freedom of choice in choreographic method, performing style, costume, performing space and other elements of presentation C. it helped dissolve the myth that a dancer had to be trained practically from the cradle D. all of the above Answer Key: D Question 15 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Louis Horst’s review of Paul Taylor’s program ‘Seven New Dances’, published in Dance Observer of November 1957, consisted of a blank space. True False Answer Key: True Question 16 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which choreographer used everyday movements such as walking, running and sitting – an objective reminiscent of Isadora Duncan’s? A. Paul Taylor B. Lucinda Childs C. Anna Sokolow D. Martha Graham Answer Key: A Question 17 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Merce Cunningham has been recognized during his lifetime as one of the most innovative and influential choreographers of the 20th Century. True False Answer Key: True Question 18 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who said â€Å"I want man to be able to identify with things other than himself. We must give up our navel contemplations long enough to take our place in space. † A. Meredith Monk B. Alwin Nikolais C. Twyla Tharp D. David Gordon Answer Key: B Question 19 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The artists involved with Judson Dance Theater were avant-garde experimentalists who embraced the confines of Modern dance practice and theory. True False Answer Key: False. Question 20 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Cunningham sees randomness and arbitrariness as positive qualities in making dances because they are never conditions of real life. True False Answer Key: False Question 21 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who choreographed the radical work, Duet (1957), in which he and his pianist remained motionless for the duration of the dance, which was accompanied by a ‘non-score’ by John Cage. A. Merce Cunningham B. Paul Taylor C. Gene Kelly D. Mikhail Baryshnikov Answer Key: B. Question 22 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who said: â€Å"NO to spectacle no to virtuosity no to transformations and magic and make-believe no to the glamour and transcendency of the star image no to the heroic no to the anti-heroic no to trash imagery no to involvement of performer or spectator no to style no to camp no to seduction of spectator by the wiles of the performer no to eccentricity no to moving or being moved. † A. Yvonne Rainer B. Twyla Tharp C. Alvin Ailey D. Mikhail Baryshnikov Answer Key: A Question 23 of 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  6  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 6 points). Please match the following descriptions with the correct answers Match Choice 1. Two major ballet companies in Soviet Russia initially known in the 1920s and 30s to encourage a predilection towards drama for political purposes. Select A. B. C. A. Kirov and Bolshoi Ballets 2. In contrast to the Ballet Russe companies, with their cosmopolitan roster and perennial touring, several companies in England began to develop a smaller scale national identity in the 1920s and 30’s Select A. B. C. B. Ballet Rambert and Sadler’s Wells Ballet 3. After Diaghilev’s death in 1929, and his company had disbanded, its name and heritage were claimed by two rival companies. Select A. B. C. C. Basil Ballets Russes and Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo Answer Key: 1 – A, 2 – B, 3 – C Part 1 of 1  Ã‚  Multiple Choice  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 50 points) Question 1 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Although Alvin Ailey is usually classified as a modern dancer, he often employed the hybrid form of ‘modern ballet’ in works created for his multi-racial group, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. True False Answer Key: True Question 2 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Life, death, and metamorphosis are _______’s   principle themes. A. Butoh B. Tanztheater C. Minimalism D. Hip-hop Answer Key: A Question 3 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which choreographer of the Royal Ballet, produced many evening-long dramatic works including Romeo and Juliet (1965). A. Kenneth MacMillan B. Sir Frederick Ashton C. David Gordon D. Yuri Grigorovich Answer Key: A Question 4 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) When did modern dance choreographers first begin to set pieces for ballet companies? A. early 1930’s B. late 1940’s C. mid 1950’s D. early 1970’s Answer Key: B Question 5 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Which organization, established in 1984, has encouraged many American dance companies to take new risks by funding their collaboration with progressive choreographers? A. The Take a Risk Foundation B. National Endowment for the Arts C. The National Choreography Project D. none of the above Answer Key: C Question 6 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Twyla Tharp has been a favorite guest choreographer and has mounted works for American Ballet Theatre featuring the Russian premier danseur ________________. A. George Balanchine B. Alexander Gudunov C. Michel Fokine D. Mikhail Baryshnikov Answer Key: D Question 7 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) The term _______ became widely used in the 1970’s to describe certain types of peices by visual artists. A. punk B. story ballet C. performance art D. formalism Answer Key: C Question 8 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points). Riverdance is a show which presents the traditional dance form called _______ in a glamorous new package, performed by a large and proficient young cast with a high degree of energy and precision. A. Baroque dancing B. Ballroom dancing C. Court dancing D. Irish step dancing Answer Key: D Question 9 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) Who choreographed Still/Here which was perceived as the choreographer’s response to the death from AIDS of his partner Arnie Zane, and his own HIV positive status? A. Mark Morris B. Matthew Bourne. C. Bill T. Jones D. Garth Fagan Answer Key: C Question 10 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) A major offshoot of of modern dance, _______ , arose in Germany and is perhaps best known through the works of Pina Bausch. A. Butoh B. Minimalism C. Tanztheater D. Hip-hop Answer Key: C Question 11 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible 2 points) _______ is an urban culture created by rap musicians which encompasses music, dance and fashion. A. Butoh B. Minimalism C. Tanztheater D. Hip-hop Answer Key: D Question 12 of 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score.